Clear Aligners in Modern Orthodontics: A Comparative Analysis of Technological Characteristics and Clinical Efficacy (Review)

Abstract

Introduction. Over the last decade, clear aligners—removable thermoplastic structures—have evolved into a comprehensive alternative to traditional fixed brace systems. Their function is based on programmed pressure, which ensures precise tooth movement into the desired position. Modern manufacturing technologies allow for the creation of personalized alignment systems with full control over material thickness, coverage area, and attachment types.
The aim of the study is to systematize the modeling methods for removable orthodontic aligners and to conduct a comparative analysis of modern technologies used in their production.
Results. The analysis demonstrated that a key advantage of aligners is their high aesthetic appeal, given their visual invisibility. The removable nature of the appliance allows patients to maintain oral hygiene without obstruction. Since there are no metal or ceramic components, the risk of mechanical damage to the enamel and trauma to the oral mucosa is minimized. The use of soft, biocompatible attachments (fixing elements) instead of rigid brackets promotes rapid adaptation and high comfort during wear.
Conversely, the primary limitation of the method is the limited efficacy of aligners in correcting complex skeletal occlusal anomalies (specifically in cases involving significant diastemas or multiple tremae). In addition to functional limits, the high cost of the technological process—and, consequently, the final treatment price—remains a significant deterrent to widespread implementation.
Conclusion. The use of aligners in modern orthodontics enables effective correction of occlusal disturbances while providing patients with unprecedented comfort. Due to its combination of high aesthetics, biocompatibility, and predictable results, this technology holds significant potential for further development and broad integration into daily dental practice.